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Indexes & ETFs

S&P 500 ETF (SPY)

Your signal

Buy77 / 100

Buy: 77 is at or above your Buy line of 60. Off the high (at its 1-year high) scores 100 and lifts it; Plays in (67%) scores 67 and holds it back.

Every factor in this score has a tested record: each was checked month by month since 2011 on numbers public at the time.

Factor you weightSPYPointsWeightAdds
Plays in67%674026.8
Off the highat its 1-year high1003030.0
Trend+8% vs 200-day673020.1
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Your signal is the one call Be The Puck makes on a stock, and you set it: weight the plays, analysts, P/E, growth, debt, trend and more, and move the Buy and Sell lines. Every page follows your choice. How the score works

All 18 factors for SPY
FactorSPYPointsWhat it is
Plays in67%67The share of the plays you count that hold it now.
Analysts' upside––How far analysts' average 12-month target sits above the price (3+ analysts). −20% scores 0, +50% full marks; at most 50 while the price is below its 200-day average, since targets lag a falling price.
Analysts' rating––The analysts' average recommendation: strong buy scores 100, hold or worse 0.
P/E––Price over the last four quarters' earnings per share. Lower ranks higher; a loss scores 0.
Forward P/E––Price over next year's expected earnings. Lower ranks higher; an expected loss scores 0.
PEG––P/E divided by expected earnings growth. Lower ranks higher; around 1 is often read as fair for the growth.
Price to sales––Market value over the last 12 months' revenue. Lower ranks higher.
Price to book––Price over book value (assets minus debts) per share. Lower ranks higher.
Dividend yield––Dividends over the last year as a share of the price. Higher ranks higher; no dividend scores 0.
Earnings growth––Earnings per share over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Revenue growth––Revenue over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Profit margin––Net profit as a share of revenue. Higher ranks higher.
Return on equity––Profit as a share of shareholders' equity. Higher ranks higher.
Debt to equity––Debt against shareholders' equity. Lower ranks higher; negative equity scores 0.
Off the highat its 1-year high100How far the price sits below its highest close of the last year: 100 points at the high, none at 30% or more below. The exit rule: a stock that keeps falling loses points whatever else it has going for it.
Trend+8% vs 200-day67How far the price sits above its 200-day average. Higher ranks higher.
1-year momentum+19%55The price change over the last 12 months. Higher ranks higher.
Low crash exposure0/10 · low100The storm test: 100 for no exposure, 10 points off per point of exposure.

The read

Test a theory on SPY

This analysis does not constitute trading advice. Please meet with an advisor or independently review sources before making any decision. New to this? Start with the basics.

Plays in67 / 100Every play Be The Puck tests, in 7 families.
Crash exposureLow0 of 10 on the storm testMayer Multiple1.08×Price ÷ its 200-day average (+8%). Higher than on 69% of days since 2005. Above 2.4 is Mayer's overheated zone.

The most accurate play in each family

Each family's play whose calls went the right way most often, tested on 351 stocks since 2005, and what it says about SPY now.

A call is right when the stock rose after an in call or fell after an out call. Trend plays are built to take many small losses for a few big wins, so their hit rates run lower; being right often isn't the same as making the most money. How we test a play.

Each candle is one trading day: the box spans the open and close, the thin line the day's high and low. Hollow boxes closed up, filled boxes closed down. Toggle the averages to see the trend the plays read. Dots above the candles mark news and company filings: hover or tap one to see the story and how the stock moved from the last close before it, against the market on the same days.

Two years of calls, week by week

InOutShare of plays in

One row per play, grouped by family. When most rows turn green at once, the trend is broad. When they split, the plays disagree and the stock is usually chopping sideways.

Every play on SPY

All 100 plays, by family.

Calls right: how often the play's calls on SPY went the right way since 2005. Record columns: play / buy and hold, annual return and worst drawdown since 2005. Click a column to sort.Sort with the menu above the list.

PlayCallSinceNext moveCalls rightAnnual returnWorst drawdown
Trend following
PB EMABitcoin Playboy · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $770.91 (−0.9%)28% 173/628+3.4% / +11.0%−48.9% / −55.2%
Bull Market Support BandBenjamin Cowen · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +15.1%Exit below $751.14 (−3.5%)31% 27/88+8.0% / +11.0%−21.7% / −55.2%
Ripster EMA CloudRipster · dailyINSep 17, 2026 +2.3%Exit below $764.41 (−1.7%)26% 86/334+6.3% / +11.0%−29.4% / −55.2%
Trend TemplateMark Minervini · dailyOUTJun 26, 2026 +7.0%Enter above $817.42 (+5.1%)24% 21/86+2.6% / +11.1%−17.4% / −55.2%
Stage AnalysisStan Weinstein · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +15.1%Exit below $738.27 (−5.1%)29% 18/62+8.9% / +11.0%−17.6% / −55.2%
Stage 2 + Mansfield RSStan Weinstein · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +15.1%Exit below $738.27 (−5.1%)27% 23/84+8.2% / +11.0%−21.4% / −55.2%
10-Month SMAMeb Faber · month-endINApr 30, 2026 +8.8%Exit below $722.21 (−7.2%)38% 12/32+8.7% / +11.0%−24.3% / −55.2%
200-Day RulePaul Tudor Jones · dailyINApr 8, 2026 +15.7%Exit below $720.78 (−7.4%)17% 23/134+8.3% / +11.0%−20.9% / −55.2%
Golden CrossMarket tradition · dailyINJun 27, 2025 +28.2%Not on one close50% 10/20+9.4% / +11.0%−33.7% / −55.2%
Granville 200-DayJoseph E. Granville · dailyINApr 8, 2026 +15.7%Exit below $720.78 (−7.4%)17% 18/108+8.2% / +11.0%−20.9% / −55.2%
Hull Moving AverageAlan Hull · weeklyINOct 9, 2026 −0.1%Exit below $766.55 (−1.5%)39% 52/132+6.2% / +11.0%−24.4% / −55.2%
Kaufman Adaptive MAPerry J. Kaufman · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $769.66 (−1.1%)24% 205/839+0.6% / +11.0%−47.7% / −55.2%
TEMA CrossoverPatrick G. Mulloy · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Exit below $751.41 (−3.4%)34% 96/280+4.3% / +11.0%−34.6% / −55.2%
Seykota 15/150Ed Seykota · dailyINApr 30, 2025 +42.6%Not on one close39% 7/18+8.6% / +11.1%−30.0% / −55.2%
Guppy Multiple MAsDaryl Guppy · dailyINAug 3, 2026 +2.9%Exit below $732.94 (−5.8%)29% 40/136+5.6% / +11.0%−21.2% / −55.2%
Ichimoku CloudGoichi Hosoda · dailyINApr 13, 2026 +14.0%Exit below $746.12 (−4.1%)35% 35/100+8.0% / +11.0%−20.5% / −55.2%
SupertrendOlivier Seban · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $759.90 (−2.3%)37% 65/178+5.5% / +11.0%−23.7% / −55.2%
Williams AlligatorBill Williams · dailyINOct 7, 2026 +0.1%Not on one close38% 121/320+5.1% / +11.0%−17.3% / −55.2%
Vortex IndicatorEtienne Botes & Douglas Siepman · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $759.89 (−2.3%)33% 167/512+2.8% / +11.0%−34.3% / −55.2%
AroonTushar S. Chande · dailyINSep 22, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $747.75 (−3.9%)42% 74/178+7.6% / +11.0%−15.8% / −55.2%
Parabolic SARJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $767.14 (−1.4%)36% 200/549+2.0% / +11.0%−48.3% / −55.2%
ADX TrendJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTJun 17, 2026 +5.5%Not on one close35% 48/139+2.6% / +11.0%−11.4% / −55.2%
MACD Zero LineGerald Appel · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $727.35 (−6.5%)30% 55/182+6.5% / +11.0%−26.4% / −55.2%
Zweig 4% ModelMartin Zweig · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +15.1%Exit below $747.43 (−3.9%)36% 43/118+6.3% / +11.0%−39.0% / −55.2%
MAMA/FAMA CrossJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINSep 22, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $533.27 (−31.5%)32% 73/226+5.0% / +11.0%−23.3% / −55.2%
Schaff Trend CycleDoug Schaff · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $762.18 (−2.0%)37% 99/268+4.4% / +11.0%−43.7% / −55.2%
Zero Lag EC CrossJohn F. Ehlers & Ric Way · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $729.43 (−6.2%)34% 46/134+6.0% / +11.0%−23.6% / −55.2%
DP Trend ModelCarl Swenlin & Erin Swenlin · dailyINApr 16, 2026 +11.4%Exit below $655.14 (−15.8%)39% 29/74+8.8% / +11.0%−25.0% / −55.2%
Elder Triple ScreenAlexander Elder · dailyOUTJun 5, 2026 +6.0%Not on one close36% 79/222+4.4% / +11.0%−28.1% / −55.2%
Holy GrailLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTJul 24, 2024 +47.5%Not on one close33% 4/12+1.7% / +11.0%−2.5% / −55.2%
Breakouts & channels
Four-Week RuleRichard Donchian · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $747.75 (−3.9%)41% 55/134+6.9% / +11.0%−26.9% / −55.2%
Turtle System 1Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $759.43 (−2.4%)30% 54/178+3.8% / +11.0%−17.5% / −55.2%
Turtle System 2Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINOct 6, 2026 −0.1%Exit below $765.48 (−1.6%)32% 39/122+3.6% / +11.0%−18.2% / −55.2%
Clenow TrendAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINOct 6, 2026 −0.1%Exit below $758.23 (−2.5%)32% 39/122+4.3% / +11.0%−15.5% / −55.2%
Darvas BoxNicolas Darvas · dailyOUTJul 29, 2026 +6.9%Not on one close34% 43/127+4.7% / +11.0%−30.5% / −55.2%
Keltner ChannelChester W. Keltner & Linda Bradford Raschke · dailyOUTAug 20, 2026 +2.3%Enter above $784.09 (+0.8%)29% 51/175+2.5% / +11.0%−13.5% / −55.2%
Bollinger BreakoutJohn Bollinger · dailyINOct 6, 2026 −0.1%Exit below $770.61 (−1.0%)26% 54/208+0.7% / +11.0%−23.9% / −55.2%
Chandelier ExitChuck LeBeau · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $762.57 (−2.0%)36% 64/178+5.6% / +11.0%−26.7% / −55.2%
Wilder Volatility SystemJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $762.62 (−2.0%)38% 69/182+5.9% / +11.0%−17.8% / −55.2%
P&F Double TopA.W. Cohen & Thomas J. Dorsey · dailyINApr 28, 2025 +43.6%Exit below $623.82 (−19.8%)55% 12/22+10.6% / +11.0%−37.3% / −55.2%
Chande Kroll StopTushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $763.79 (−1.8%)26% 97/368+4.8% / +11.0%−35.8% / −55.2%
Acceleration BandsPrice Headley · dailyOUTAug 17, 2026 +0.9%Not on one close28% 72/260+2.0% / +11.0%−10.1% / −55.2%
TTM SqueezeJohn F. Carter · dailyOUTJul 20, 2026 +5.1%Not on one close30% 38/126+1.6% / +11.0%−17.1% / −55.2%
NR7 BreakoutToby Crabel · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 +0.1%Enter above $779.40 (+0.2%)31% 247/793−0.3% / +11.0%−54.3% / −55.2%
Bollinger SqueezeJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTOct 10, 2025 +20.4%Not on one close16% 9/58+0.9% / +11.0%−17.8% / −55.2%
Momentum
12-Month MomentumMoskowitz, Ooi & Pedersen · month-endINJun 30, 2023 +82.6%Exit below $699.69 (−10.1%)43% 6/14+9.7% / +11.1%−33.7% / −55.2%
12-1 MomentumNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Sheridan Titman · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +95.4%Not on one close56% 10/18+11.3% / +11.1%−33.7% / −55.2%
Dual MomentumGary Antonacci · month-endINJun 30, 2023 +82.6%Exit below $700.12 (−10.0%)43% 6/14+9.7% / +11.1%−33.7% / −55.2%
Stocks on the MoveAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINMay 4, 2026 +8.9%Exit below $755.23 (−2.9%)23% 34/150+6.7% / +11.0%−23.0% / −55.2%
52-Week HighThomas J. George & Chuan-Yang Hwang · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +95.4%Exit below $662.23 (−14.9%)62% 5/8+9.2% / +11.0%−33.7% / −55.2%
Levy Relative StrengthRobert A. Levy · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +15.1%Exit below $748.09 (−3.8%)30% 26/88+8.3% / +11.0%−20.3% / −55.2%
MACD Signal CrossGerald Appel · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $765.70 (−1.6%)35% 164/468+5.4% / +11.0%−23.1% / −55.2%
Elder ImpulseAlexander Elder · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $773.33 (−0.6%)30% 222/748+1.5% / +11.0%−40.6% / −55.2%
Know Sure ThingMartin J. Pring · dailyINOct 6, 2026 −0.1%Exit below $718.06 (−7.7%)38% 117/310+4.3% / +11.0%−26.3% / −55.2%
Coppock CurveEdwin S. C. Coppock · month-endINMar 31, 2023 +98.5%Not on one close67% 2/3+12.4% / +11.1%−33.7% / −55.2%
CCI +100Donald R. Lambert · dailyOUTOct 13, 2026 0.0%Enter above $779.16 (+0.1%)28% 216/782−0.9% / +11.0%−46.5% / −55.2%
TRIX Signal CrossJack K. Hutson · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Exit below $703.45 (−9.6%)38% 105/280+3.5% / +11.0%−34.4% / −55.2%
TSI Zero LineWilliam Blau · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $725.94 (−6.7%)31% 54/174+6.8% / +11.0%−25.5% / −55.2%
13612W MomentumWouter J. Keller & Jan Willem Keuning · month-endINApr 30, 2026 +8.8%Exit below $748.57 (−3.8%)40% 23/58+8.6% / +11.1%−21.0% / −55.2%
Market-State MomentumMichael J. Cooper, Roberto C. Gutierrez Jr. & Allaudeen Hameed · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +95.4%Exit below $403.31 (−48.2%)39% 7/18+9.8% / +10.9%−33.7% / −55.2%
Frog in the PanZhi Da, Umit G. Gurun & Mitch Warachka · dailyINAug 31, 2023 +79.8%Not on one close64% 9/14+11.2% / +11.1%−33.7% / −55.2%
PMO Signal CrossCarl Swenlin · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Exit below $761.32 (−2.1%)32% 123/380+4.1% / +11.0%−32.1% / −55.2%
Mean reversion
RSI 30/70J. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTApr 21, 2026 +11.1%Not on one close60% 24/40+5.5% / +11.0%−55.2% / −55.2%
RSI(2) PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTSep 11, 2026 +2.0%Buy $720.78–$772.02 (−0.8%)59% 212/358+4.8% / +11.0%−14.9% / −55.2%
Double 7sLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Buy $720.78–$773.93 (−0.5%)63% 281/449+6.6% / +11.0%−15.6% / −55.2%
Bollinger ReversionJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Buy below $756.52 (−2.8%)64% 126/198+5.8% / +11.0%−36.6% / −55.2%
Stochastic 20/80George C. Lane · dailyOUTApr 17, 2026 +10.1%Not on one close61% 91/148+6.2% / +11.0%−30.6% / −55.2%
Williams %RLarry Williams · dailyOUTSep 23, 2026 +1.3%Not on one close63% 173/276+6.3% / +11.0%−48.6% / −55.2%
DeMark 9-CountTom DeMark · dailyOUTAug 11, 2026 +1.2%Not on one close55% 31/56+1.7% / +11.0%−51.5% / −55.2%
Mayer MultipleTrace Mayer · dailyINNov 22, 2004 +884.3%Sell above $1,742.13 (+123.9%)–+11.0% / +11.0%−55.2% / −55.2%
ConnorsRSI PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez & Matt Radtke · dailyOUTApr 9, 2025 +44.2%Not on one close67% 8/12+2.7% / +11.0%−11.6% / −55.2%
Laguerre RSIJohn F. Ehlers · dailyOUTSep 29, 2026 +1.8%Not on one close48% 138/285+4.4% / +11.0%−56.0% / −55.2%
StochRSI 20/80Tushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyOUTSep 23, 2026 +1.3%Not on one close57% 259/452+4.4% / +11.0%−47.0% / −55.2%
IBS ReversionAlexander S. Pagonidis · dailyOUTOct 1, 2026 +1.8%Buy below $778.00 (0.0%)57% 934/1630+5.4% / +11.0%−18.8% / −55.2%
Connors %bLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Not on one close61% 72/118+5.5% / +11.0%−28.3% / −55.2%
Fisher TransformJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Exit below $773.55 (−0.6%)38% 409/1075+3.7% / +11.0%−41.4% / −55.2%
1-Month ReversalNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Bruce N. Lehmann · month-endINSep 30, 2026 +2.0%Sell above $762.63 (−2.0%)65% 72/111+5.6% / +11.0%−41.4% / −55.2%
Volume & money flow
On-Balance VolumeJoseph E. Granville · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 +0.5%Enter above $778.02 (+0.0%)28% 222/797+2.7% / +11.0%−45.0% / −55.2%
Chaikin Money FlowMarc Chaikin · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.6%Not on one close35% 64/182+2.5% / +11.0%−46.1% / −55.2%
Money Flow IndexGene Quong & Avrum Soudack · dailyOUTSep 16, 2025 +19.5%Not on one close55% 21/38+6.1% / +11.0%−53.9% / −55.2%
Negative Volume IndexNorman Fosback & Paul Dysart · dailyINMay 29, 2009 +1,047.4%Not on one close20% 2/10+9.9% / +11.1%−53.5% / −55.2%
Force IndexAlexander Elder · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Exit below $774.28 (−0.5%)28% 224/790+2.2% / +11.0%−46.9% / −55.2%
Buff AveragesBuff Dormeier · dailyINSep 22, 2026 +0.6%Exit below $746.57 (−4.0%)33% 109/328+6.0% / +11.0%−29.2% / −55.2%
Chaikin OscillatorMarc Chaikin · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +0.5%Exit below $778.00 (0.0%)34% 189/558+0.1% / +11.0%−54.0% / −55.2%
Volume Flow IndicatorMarkos Katsanos · dailyINAug 13, 2026 +0.3%Not on one close31% 37/118+6.5% / +11.1%−39.4% / −55.2%
Klinger OscillatorStephen J. Klinger · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Sell $723.49–$777.34 (−0.1%)33% 324/979+1.6% / +11.0%−38.2% / −55.2%
Candles & chart patterns
Engulfing SwitchSteve Nison & Thomas N. Bulkowski · dailyOUTJul 2, 2026 +4.7%Not on one close54% 49/90+4.9% / +11.0%−44.1% / −55.2%
HikkakeDaniel L. Chesler · dailyINJul 31, 2026 +4.4%Exit below $727.29 (−6.5%)29% 29/101+3.6% / +11.0%−25.5% / −55.2%
Turtle Soup Plus OneLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +3.4%Not on one close43% 26/60+1.7% / +11.0%−14.1% / −55.2%
Calendar
Halloween IndicatorSven Bouman & Ben Jacobsen & Yale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTApr 30, 2026 +8.8%Buys Oct 3044% 19/43+7.1% / +11.0%−35.6% / −55.2%
Best Six + MACDYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Window opens Apr 150% 22/44+6.9% / +11.0%−39.1% / −55.2%
Seasonal TimingSy Harding · dailyOUTMay 18, 2026 +5.9%Window opens Oct 1653% 23/43+7.1% / +11.0%−33.7% / −55.2%
Santa Claus RallyYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTJan 5, 2026 +14.0%Buys Dec 2341% 18/44+2.2% / +11.0%−6.7% / −55.2%
Turn of the MonthJosef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt & Robert A. Ariel · dailyOUTOct 5, 2026 +0.4%Buys Oct 2946% 241/526+2.8% / +11.0%−18.0% / −55.2%
Presidential Sweet SpotYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINSep 30, 2026 +2.0%Sells Jun 3055% 6/11+4.3% / +11.0%−19.5% / −55.2%
Pre-HolidayRobert A. Ariel & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 +1.3%Buys Nov 2447% 187/400+2.1% / +11.0%−7.5% / −55.2%
January BarometerYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · month-endINDec 30, 2022 +113.3%Not on one close25% 5/20+7.1% / +11.0%−30.0% / −55.2%
Weekend EffectKenneth French & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyINOct 12, 2026 0.0%Sells Oct 1652% 1184/2284+4.5% / +11.0%−46.8% / −55.2%
Pre-FOMC DriftDavid Lucca & Emanuel Moench · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +3.4%Buys Oct 2743% 151/348+2.8% / +11.0%−4.3% / −55.2%
Lunar CycleKathy Yuan, Lu Zheng & Qiaoqiao Zhu · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +1.1%Sells Oct 1650% 272/541+5.3% / +11.0%−38.0% / −55.2%
Benchmark
Buy & HoldJohn C. Bogle · benchmarkINJan 3, 2005Always in–+11.0%−55.2%

If the market cracks: the storm test

How the storm test works
ExposureLow0 of 10 points
  • Market swings0/3
  • Past crashes0/2
  • Debt0/3
  • Run-up0/2

Nothing on the checklist stands out.

Past crashes, peak to low

Financial crisis Oct 2007 to Mar 2009 · back to its old high Aug 2012

SPY−55%
S&P 500−57%

COVID crash Feb 2020 to Mar 2020 · back to its old high Aug 2020

SPY−34%
S&P 500−34%

2022 bear market Jan 2022 to Oct 2022 · back to its old high Dec 2023

SPY−24%
S&P 500−25%
  • Beta1.00Moves about 1.0× as much as the S&P 500 week to week.
  • Downside capture95%In months the S&P 500 fell, this fell 95% as much on average.
  • Two-year change+37%
  • From 52-week high−0%

A crash marks every stock down; debt decides which companies come through. The storm test scores both halves: how hard the stock swings with the market, and how much debt it carries into a downturn. It describes fragility; it does not predict a crash.

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