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Sectors

Technology Select Sector ETF (XLK)

Your signal

Buy78 / 100

Buy: 78 is at or above your Buy line of 60. Off the high (−3% from its 1-year high) scores 91 and lifts it; Plays in (62%) scores 62 and holds it back.

Every factor in this score has a tested record: each was checked month by month since 2011 on numbers public at the time.

Factor you weightXLKPointsWeightAdds
Plays in62%624024.8
Off the high−3% from its 1-year high913027.3
Trend+18% vs 200-day873026.1
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Your signal is the one call Be The Puck makes on a stock, and you set it: weight the plays, analysts, P/E, growth, debt, trend and more, and move the Buy and Sell lines. Every page follows your choice. How the score works

All 18 factors for XLK
FactorXLKPointsWhat it is
Plays in62%62The share of the plays you count that hold it now.
Analysts' upside––How far analysts' average 12-month target sits above the price (3+ analysts). −20% scores 0, +50% full marks; at most 50 while the price is below its 200-day average, since targets lag a falling price.
Analysts' rating––The analysts' average recommendation: strong buy scores 100, hold or worse 0.
P/E––Price over the last four quarters' earnings per share. Lower ranks higher; a loss scores 0.
Forward P/E––Price over next year's expected earnings. Lower ranks higher; an expected loss scores 0.
PEG––P/E divided by expected earnings growth. Lower ranks higher; around 1 is often read as fair for the growth.
Price to sales––Market value over the last 12 months' revenue. Lower ranks higher.
Price to book––Price over book value (assets minus debts) per share. Lower ranks higher.
Dividend yield––Dividends over the last year as a share of the price. Higher ranks higher; no dividend scores 0.
Earnings growth––Earnings per share over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Revenue growth––Revenue over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Profit margin––Net profit as a share of revenue. Higher ranks higher.
Return on equity––Profit as a share of shareholders' equity. Higher ranks higher.
Debt to equity––Debt against shareholders' equity. Lower ranks higher; negative equity scores 0.
Off the high−3% from its 1-year high91How far the price sits below its highest close of the last year: 100 points at the high, none at 30% or more below. The exit rule: a stock that keeps falling loses points whatever else it has going for it.
Trend+18% vs 200-day87How far the price sits above its 200-day average. Higher ranks higher.
1-year momentum+38%71The price change over the last 12 months. Higher ranks higher.
Low crash exposure2/10 · low80The storm test: 100 for no exposure, 10 points off per point of exposure.

The read

Test a theory on XLK

This analysis does not constitute trading advice. Please meet with an advisor or independently review sources before making any decision. New to this? Start with the basics.

Plays in62 / 100Every play Be The Puck tests, in 7 families.
Crash exposureLow2 of 10 on the storm testMayer Multiple1.18×Price ÷ its 200-day average (+18%). Higher than on 92% of days since 2005. Above 2.4 is Mayer's overheated zone.

The most accurate play in each family

Each family's play whose calls went the right way most often, tested on 351 stocks since 2005, and what it says about XLK now.

A call is right when the stock rose after an in call or fell after an out call. Trend plays are built to take many small losses for a few big wins, so their hit rates run lower; being right often isn't the same as making the most money. How we test a play.

Each candle is one trading day: the box spans the open and close, the thin line the day's high and low. Hollow boxes closed up, filled boxes closed down. Toggle the averages to see the trend the plays read. Dots above the candles mark news and company filings: hover or tap one to see the story and how the stock moved from the last close before it, against the market on the same days.

Two years of calls, week by week

InOutShare of plays in

One row per play, grouped by family. When most rows turn green at once, the trend is broad. When they split, the plays disagree and the stock is usually chopping sideways.

Every play on XLK

All 100 plays, by family.

Calls right: how often the play's calls on XLK went the right way since 2005. Record columns: play / buy and hold, annual return and worst drawdown since 2005. Click a column to sort.Sort with the menu above the list.

PlayCallSinceNext moveCalls rightAnnual returnWorst drawdown
Trend following
PB EMABitcoin Playboy · dailyINSep 17, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $195.32 (−0.5%)27% 172/628+7.0% / +15.9%−30.4% / −53.0%
Bull Market Support BandBenjamin Cowen · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +37.9%Exit below $183.21 (−6.7%)36% 31/86+11.3% / +15.9%−24.6% / −53.0%
Ripster EMA CloudRipster · dailyINAug 26, 2026 +7.5%Exit below $190.39 (−3.0%)23% 82/362+8.9% / +15.9%−25.5% / −53.0%
Trend TemplateMark Minervini · dailyINAug 26, 2026 +7.5%Exit below $189.75 (−3.3%)18% 30/169+4.0% / +16.0%−27.0% / −53.0%
Stage AnalysisStan Weinstein · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +37.9%Exit below $177.16 (−9.7%)31% 19/62+11.9% / +15.9%−26.7% / −53.0%
Stage 2 + Mansfield RSStan Weinstein · weeklyINApr 10, 2026 +37.9%Exit below $177.16 (−9.7%)36% 39/109+9.8% / +15.9%−26.7% / −53.0%
10-Month SMAMeb Faber · month-endINApr 30, 2026 +23.4%Exit below $167.93 (−14.4%)41% 13/32+12.0% / +15.9%−31.2% / −53.0%
200-Day RulePaul Tudor Jones · dailyINApr 8, 2026 +38.9%Exit below $166.65 (−15.1%)16% 20/122+12.2% / +15.9%−25.5% / −53.0%
Golden CrossMarket tradition · dailyINJun 26, 2025 +57.4%Not on one close46% 11/24+12.4% / +15.9%−31.2% / −53.0%
Granville 200-DayJoseph E. Granville · dailyINApr 8, 2026 +38.9%Exit below $166.65 (−15.1%)20% 19/95+11.8% / +15.9%−25.5% / −53.0%
Hull Moving AverageAlan Hull · weeklyINAug 14, 2026 +3.4%Exit below $179.44 (−8.6%)40% 54/134+9.2% / +15.9%−27.6% / −53.0%
Kaufman Adaptive MAPerry J. Kaufman · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Enter above $196.83 (+0.3%)24% 194/811+3.0% / +15.9%−36.8% / −53.0%
TEMA CrossoverPatrick G. Mulloy · dailyINAug 7, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $188.28 (−4.1%)32% 88/278+6.4% / +15.9%−33.9% / −53.0%
Seykota 15/150Ed Seykota · dailyINMay 15, 2025 +68.8%Not on one close36% 8/22+13.2% / +16.3%−31.2% / −53.0%
Guppy Multiple MAsDaryl Guppy · dailyINAug 7, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $170.05 (−13.4%)30% 43/142+7.9% / +15.9%−20.4% / −53.0%
Ichimoku CloudGoichi Hosoda · dailyINAug 11, 2026 +5.6%Exit below $178.90 (−8.9%)32% 37/116+8.5% / +15.9%−30.8% / −53.0%
SupertrendOlivier Seban · dailyINAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Exit below $193.94 (−1.2%)39% 62/160+10.5% / +15.9%−29.3% / −53.0%
Williams AlligatorBill Williams · dailyINSep 22, 2026 +0.0%Not on one close49% 158/324+8.7% / +15.9%−23.3% / −53.0%
Vortex IndicatorEtienne Botes & Douglas Siepman · dailyOUTOct 13, 2026 0.0%Enter above $193.67 (−1.3%)32% 167/523+6.7% / +15.9%−33.2% / −53.0%
AroonTushar S. Chande · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $181.87 (−7.3%)40% 78/194+10.1% / +15.9%−25.6% / −53.0%
Parabolic SARJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 −0.8%Enter above $202.17 (+3.0%)39% 207/536+3.9% / +15.9%−44.5% / −53.0%
ADX TrendJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTJun 16, 2026 +5.5%Not on one close33% 50/151+4.9% / +15.9%−18.5% / −53.0%
MACD Zero LineGerald Appel · dailyINAug 6, 2026 +6.0%Exit below $163.37 (−16.8%)28% 53/190+8.1% / +15.9%−28.3% / −53.0%
Zweig 4% ModelMartin Zweig · weeklyINAug 7, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $191.82 (−2.3%)39% 53/136+11.0% / +15.9%−33.8% / −53.0%
MAMA/FAMA CrossJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINAug 7, 2026 +4.5%Not on one close28% 64/226+6.2% / +15.9%−38.1% / −53.0%
Schaff Trend CycleDoug Schaff · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Not on one close42% 106/253+9.6% / +15.9%−40.3% / −53.0%
Zero Lag EC CrossJohn F. Ehlers & Ric Way · dailyINAug 6, 2026 +6.0%Exit below $166.39 (−15.2%)29% 42/144+7.5% / +15.9%−32.3% / −53.0%
DP Trend ModelCarl Swenlin & Erin Swenlin · dailyINApr 15, 2026 +30.9%Exit below $107.22 (−45.4%)33% 31/94+10.6% / +15.9%−24.3% / −53.0%
Elder Triple ScreenAlexander Elder · dailyINSep 25, 2026 +0.0%Exit below $192.61 (−1.9%)32% 71/220+5.5% / +15.9%−35.5% / −53.0%
Holy GrailLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTJan 18, 2024 +104.0%Not on one close38% 6/16+1.8% / +15.9%−3.0% / −53.0%
Breakouts & channels
Four-Week RuleRichard Donchian · dailyINAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Exit below $182.21 (−7.2%)41% 52/128+9.6% / +15.9%−32.8% / −53.0%
Turtle System 1Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $193.92 (−1.2%)30% 52/174+5.6% / +15.9%−23.4% / −53.0%
Turtle System 2Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $187.32 (−4.6%)30% 33/110+7.1% / +15.9%−18.9% / −53.0%
Clenow TrendAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $192.33 (−2.0%)29% 36/124+6.6% / +15.9%−26.5% / −53.0%
Darvas BoxNicolas Darvas · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $178.61 (−9.0%)33% 37/112+4.1% / +15.9%−37.5% / −53.0%
Keltner ChannelChester W. Keltner & Linda Bradford Raschke · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $195.54 (−0.4%)38% 66/174+6.4% / +15.9%−17.2% / −53.0%
Bollinger BreakoutJohn Bollinger · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $196.35 (+0.0%)30% 62/208+5.2% / +15.9%−17.5% / −53.0%
Chandelier ExitChuck LeBeau · dailyINAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Exit below $193.51 (−1.4%)32% 65/200+7.4% / +15.9%−29.7% / −53.0%
Wilder Volatility SystemJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Exit below $193.54 (−1.4%)36% 63/174+10.5% / +15.9%−27.6% / −53.0%
P&F Double TopA.W. Cohen & Thomas J. Dorsey · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $175.65 (−10.5%)42% 17/40+11.9% / +15.9%−43.4% / −53.0%
Chande Kroll StopTushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyINAug 26, 2026 +7.5%Exit below $195.48 (−0.4%)26% 98/380+6.3% / +15.9%−28.5% / −53.0%
Acceleration BandsPrice Headley · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 −0.8%Not on one close30% 76/250+3.2% / +15.9%−9.1% / −53.0%
TTM SqueezeJohn F. Carter · dailyOUTOct 9, 2026 −1.3%Not on one close31% 33/106+1.4% / +15.9%−35.5% / −53.0%
NR7 BreakoutToby Crabel · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 −0.8%Enter above $201.30 (+2.6%)31% 234/749+2.6% / +15.9%−48.8% / −53.0%
Bollinger SqueezeJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTAug 19, 2025 +51.0%Not on one close18% 8/44+1.2% / +15.9%−14.5% / −53.0%
Momentum
12-Month MomentumMoskowitz, Ooi & Pedersen · month-endINApr 30, 2025 +88.5%Exit below $155.10 (−21.0%)35% 6/17+13.9% / +16.2%−31.2% / −53.0%
12-1 MomentumNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Sheridan Titman · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +166.3%Not on one close58% 15/26+13.8% / +16.2%−31.2% / −53.0%
Dual MomentumGary Antonacci · month-endINJul 31, 2025 +50.4%Exit below $172.46 (−12.1%)39% 12/31+11.4% / +16.2%−31.2% / −53.0%
Stocks on the MoveAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINApr 28, 2026 +24.6%Exit below $186.27 (−5.1%)24% 41/174+7.8% / +15.9%−24.9% / −53.0%
52-Week HighThomas J. George & Chuan-Yang Hwang · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +166.3%Exit below $171.70 (−12.5%)62% 5/8+14.2% / +15.9%−31.2% / −53.0%
Levy Relative StrengthRobert A. Levy · weeklyINApr 17, 2026 +27.5%Exit below $189.20 (−3.6%)32% 46/142+9.2% / +15.9%−26.7% / −53.0%
MACD Signal CrossGerald Appel · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Enter above $204.89 (+4.4%)33% 155/467+5.8% / +15.9%−37.2% / −53.0%
Elder ImpulseAlexander Elder · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Enter above $198.69 (+1.2%)28% 214/767+4.3% / +15.9%−38.4% / −53.0%
Know Sure ThingMartin J. Pring · dailyINSep 17, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $191.10 (−2.6%)39% 119/304+6.8% / +15.9%−30.3% / −53.0%
Coppock CurveEdwin S. C. Coppock · month-endINMar 31, 2023 +166.0%Not on one close67% 2/3+16.9% / +16.5%−34.1% / −53.0%
CCI +100Donald R. Lambert · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 −0.8%Enter above $202.83 (+3.3%)30% 209/698+4.0% / +15.9%−30.4% / −53.0%
TRIX Signal CrossJack K. Hutson · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $183.50 (−6.5%)37% 100/270+5.4% / +15.9%−33.9% / −53.0%
TSI Zero LineWilliam Blau · dailyINAug 6, 2026 +6.0%Exit below $161.62 (−17.7%)29% 53/184+7.9% / +15.9%−30.6% / −53.0%
13612W MomentumWouter J. Keller & Jan Willem Keuning · month-endINApr 30, 2026 +23.4%Exit below $183.76 (−6.4%)29% 21/73+11.1% / +16.2%−29.0% / −53.0%
Market-State MomentumMichael J. Cooper, Roberto C. Gutierrez Jr. & Allaudeen Hameed · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +166.3%Not on one close44% 8/18+13.4% / +16.9%−31.2% / −53.0%
Frog in the PanZhi Da, Umit G. Gurun & Mitch Warachka · dailyINAug 31, 2023 +128.2%Not on one close57% 16/28+13.4% / +16.2%−31.2% / −53.0%
PMO Signal CrossCarl Swenlin · dailyINSep 21, 2026 +0.7%Exit below $199.66 (+1.7%)33% 120/364+7.1% / +15.9%−29.0% / −53.0%
Mean reversion
RSI 30/70J. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTApr 28, 2026 +24.6%Not on one close65% 26/40+5.9% / +15.9%−51.5% / −53.0%
RSI(2) PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTAug 26, 2026 +7.5%Buy $166.65–$195.69 (−0.3%)59% 202/340+4.5% / +15.9%−14.1% / −53.0%
Double 7sLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyINOct 12, 2026 0.0%Sell above $202.00 (+2.9%)63% 299/471+8.2% / +15.9%−19.6% / −53.0%
Bollinger ReversionJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Buy below $188.23 (−4.1%)64% 121/190+5.6% / +15.9%−39.1% / −53.0%
Stochastic 20/80George C. Lane · dailyOUTAug 18, 2026 +5.9%Not on one close62% 94/152+7.1% / +15.9%−46.3% / −53.0%
Williams %RLarry Williams · dailyOUTSep 10, 2026 +6.1%Not on one close57% 158/276+6.3% / +15.9%−48.0% / −53.0%
DeMark 9-CountTom DeMark · dailyOUTMay 5, 2025 +83.7%Not on one close67% 40/60+6.7% / +15.9%−39.1% / −53.0%
Mayer MultipleTrace Mayer · dailyINNov 22, 2004 +2,388.9%Sell above $402.79 (+105.2%)–+15.9% / +15.9%−53.0% / −53.0%
ConnorsRSI PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez & Matt Radtke · dailyOUTJun 11, 2026 +7.4%Not on one close58% 7/12+3.2% / +15.9%−4.8% / −53.0%
Laguerre RSIJohn F. Ehlers · dailyOUTSep 10, 2026 +6.1%Not on one close47% 140/296+5.4% / +15.9%−46.4% / −53.0%
StochRSI 20/80Tushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyOUTSep 28, 2026 +0.9%Enter above $197.99 (+0.9%)58% 250/432+8.1% / +15.9%−39.9% / −53.0%
IBS ReversionAlexander S. Pagonidis · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 −2.5%Buy below $196.28 (0.0%)59% 1027/1732+10.1% / +15.9%−16.6% / −53.0%
Connors %bLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTAug 4, 2026 +5.1%Not on one close61% 72/118+8.3% / +15.9%−24.5% / −53.0%
Fisher TransformJohn F. Ehlers · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 −2.5%Enter above $207.28 (+5.6%)36% 390/1094+2.2% / +15.9%−49.7% / −53.0%
1-Month ReversalNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Bruce N. Lehmann · month-endOUTAug 31, 2026 +5.4%Buy below $199.70 (+1.7%)60% 84/140+8.6% / +15.9%−30.4% / −53.0%
Volume & money flow
On-Balance VolumeJoseph E. Granville · dailyINSep 16, 2026 +6.8%Exit below $196.28 (0.0%)26% 198/766+4.8% / +15.9%−44.2% / −53.0%
Chaikin Money FlowMarc Chaikin · dailyINSep 18, 2026 +3.6%Not on one close36% 64/176+6.5% / +15.9%−45.6% / −53.0%
Money Flow IndexGene Quong & Avrum Soudack · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 −2.5%Not on one close50% 17/34+4.7% / +15.9%−51.5% / −53.0%
Negative Volume IndexNorman Fosback & Paul Dysart · dailyINJan 10, 2023 +217.1%Not on one close29% 10/35+14.4% / +16.0%−36.6% / −53.0%
Force IndexAlexander Elder · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Enter above $196.66 (+0.2%)27% 214/797+3.6% / +15.9%−48.5% / −53.0%
Buff AveragesBuff Dormeier · dailyINSep 17, 2026 +4.5%Exit below $191.58 (−2.4%)34% 120/356+7.9% / +15.9%−29.2% / −53.0%
Chaikin OscillatorMarc Chaikin · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $196.28 (0.0%)32% 193/608+1.4% / +15.9%−50.5% / −53.0%
Volume Flow IndicatorMarkos Katsanos · dailyINAug 12, 2026 +4.1%Not on one close33% 29/88+9.5% / +16.1%−31.2% / −53.0%
Klinger OscillatorStephen J. Klinger · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 0.0%Not on one close36% 326/898+5.1% / +15.9%−42.3% / −53.0%
Candles & chart patterns
Engulfing SwitchSteve Nison & Thomas N. Bulkowski · dailyINJul 8, 2026 +8.3%Not on one close53% 49/93+5.9% / +15.9%−46.7% / −53.0%
HikkakeDaniel L. Chesler · dailyOUTJul 17, 2026 +11.9%Enter above $199.41 (+1.6%)35% 33/94+4.1% / +15.9%−30.9% / −53.0%
Turtle Soup Plus OneLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTMar 3, 2025 +81.3%Not on one close32% 16/50+0.7% / +15.9%−28.3% / −53.0%
Calendar
Halloween IndicatorSven Bouman & Ben Jacobsen & Yale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTApr 30, 2026 +23.4%Buys Oct 3049% 21/43+7.5% / +15.9%−32.9% / −53.0%
Best Six + MACDYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTApr 30, 2026 +23.4%Enter above $206.87 (+5.4%)53% 23/43+8.4% / +15.9%−36.5% / −53.0%
Seasonal TimingSy Harding · dailyOUTMay 19, 2026 +13.6%Window opens Oct 1651% 22/43+9.2% / +15.9%−33.4% / −53.0%
Santa Claus RallyYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTJan 5, 2026 +36.2%Buys Dec 2334% 15/44+1.8% / +15.9%−8.5% / −53.0%
Turn of the MonthJosef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt & Robert A. Ariel · dailyOUTOct 5, 2026 −2.3%Buys Oct 2946% 240/526+3.4% / +15.9%−23.6% / −53.0%
Presidential Sweet SpotYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINSep 30, 2026 +0.3%Sells Jun 3055% 6/11+5.0% / +15.9%−25.2% / −53.0%
Pre-HolidayRobert A. Ariel & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 +4.9%Buys Nov 2448% 191/400+2.0% / +15.9%−7.1% / −53.0%
January BarometerYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · month-endINDec 30, 2022 +223.5%Not on one close25% 5/20+10.2% / +15.9%−34.8% / −53.0%
Weekend EffectKenneth French & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyINOct 12, 2026 0.0%Sells Oct 1649% 1128/2284+6.6% / +15.9%−45.1% / −53.0%
Pre-FOMC DriftDavid Lucca & Emanuel Moench · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +6.8%Buys Oct 2745% 158/348+3.7% / +15.9%−5.2% / −53.0%
Lunar CycleKathy Yuan, Lu Zheng & Qiaoqiao Zhu · dailyINOct 2, 2026 −1.8%Sells Oct 1650% 269/541+7.3% / +15.9%−37.1% / −53.0%
Benchmark
Buy & HoldJohn C. Bogle · benchmarkINJan 3, 2005Always in–+15.9%−53.0%

If the market cracks: the storm test

How the storm test works
ExposureLow2 of 10 points
  • Market swings2/3
  • Past crashes0/2
  • Debt0/3
  • Run-up0/2
  • It moves about 1.5× its index.

Past crashes, peak to low

Financial crisis Oct 2007 to Nov 2008 · back to its old high Jan 2011

XLK−52%
S&P 500−57%

COVID crash Feb 2020 to Mar 2020 · back to its old high Jun 2020

XLK−31%
S&P 500−34%

2022 bear market Jan 2022 to Oct 2022 · back to its old high Jun 2023

XLK−33%
S&P 500−25%
  • Beta1.51Moves about 1.5× as much as the S&P 500 week to week.
  • Downside capture114%In months the S&P 500 fell, this fell 114% as much on average.
  • Two-year change+72%Run-ups of 100%+ crashed 40% or more within two years about half the time (Greenwood, Shleifer & You).
  • From 52-week high−3%

A crash marks every stock down; debt decides which companies come through. The storm test scores both halves: how hard the stock swings with the market, and how much debt it carries into a downturn. It describes fragility; it does not predict a crash.

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