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Indexes & ETFs

Gold ETF (GLD)

Your signal

Sell25 / 100

Sell: 25 is at or below your Sell line of 40. Plays in (27%) scores 27 and lifts it; Off the high (−23% from its 1-year high) scores 23 and holds it back.

Every factor in this score has a tested record: each was checked month by month since 2011 on numbers public at the time.

Factor you weightGLDPointsWeightAdds
Plays in27%274010.8
Off the high−23% from its 1-year high23306.9
Trend−8% vs 200-day24307.2
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Your signal is the one call Be The Puck makes on a stock, and you set it: weight the plays, analysts, P/E, growth, debt, trend and more, and move the Buy and Sell lines. Every page follows your choice. How the score works

All 18 factors for GLD
FactorGLDPointsWhat it is
Plays in27%27The share of the plays you count that hold it now.
Analysts' upside––How far analysts' average 12-month target sits above the price (3+ analysts). −20% scores 0, +50% full marks; at most 50 while the price is below its 200-day average, since targets lag a falling price.
Analysts' rating––The analysts' average recommendation: strong buy scores 100, hold or worse 0.
P/E––Price over the last four quarters' earnings per share. Lower ranks higher; a loss scores 0.
Forward P/E––Price over next year's expected earnings. Lower ranks higher; an expected loss scores 0.
PEG––P/E divided by expected earnings growth. Lower ranks higher; around 1 is often read as fair for the growth.
Price to sales––Market value over the last 12 months' revenue. Lower ranks higher.
Price to book––Price over book value (assets minus debts) per share. Lower ranks higher.
Dividend yield––Dividends over the last year as a share of the price. Higher ranks higher; no dividend scores 0.
Earnings growth––Earnings per share over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Revenue growth––Revenue over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Profit margin––Net profit as a share of revenue. Higher ranks higher.
Return on equity––Profit as a share of shareholders' equity. Higher ranks higher.
Debt to equity––Debt against shareholders' equity. Lower ranks higher; negative equity scores 0.
Off the high−23% from its 1-year high23How far the price sits below its highest close of the last year: 100 points at the high, none at 30% or more below. The exit rule: a stock that keeps falling loses points whatever else it has going for it.
Trend−8% vs 200-day24How far the price sits above its 200-day average. Higher ranks higher.
1-year momentum+1%35The price change over the last 12 months. Higher ranks higher.
Low crash exposure0/10 · low100The storm test: 100 for no exposure, 10 points off per point of exposure.

The read

Test a theory on GLD

This analysis does not constitute trading advice. Please meet with an advisor or independently review sources before making any decision. New to this? Start with the basics.

Plays in27 / 100Every play Be The Puck tests, in 7 families.
Crash exposureLow0 of 10 on the storm testMayer Multiple0.92×Price ÷ its 200-day average (−8%). Higher than on 6% of days since 2005. Above 2.4 is Mayer's overheated zone.

The most accurate play in each family

Each family's play whose calls went the right way most often, tested on 351 stocks since 2005, and what it says about GLD now.

A call is right when the stock rose after an in call or fell after an out call. Trend plays are built to take many small losses for a few big wins, so their hit rates run lower; being right often isn't the same as making the most money. How we test a play.

Each candle is one trading day: the box spans the open and close, the thin line the day's high and low. Hollow boxes closed up, filled boxes closed down. Toggle the averages to see the trend the plays read. Dots above the candles mark news and company filings: hover or tap one to see the story and how the stock moved from the last close before it, against the market on the same days.

Two years of calls, week by week

InOutShare of plays in

One row per play, grouped by family. When most rows turn green at once, the trend is broad. When they split, the plays disagree and the stock is usually chopping sideways.

Every play on GLD

All 100 plays, by family.

Calls right: how often the play's calls on GLD went the right way since 2005. Record columns: play / buy and hold, annual return and worst drawdown since 2005. Click a column to sort.Sort with the menu above the list.

PlayCallSinceNext moveCalls rightAnnual returnWorst drawdown
Trend following
PB EMABitcoin Playboy · dailyOUTSep 21, 2026 −4.2%Enter above $386.54 (+1.3%)26% 162/616+4.4% / +10.6%−28.0% / −45.6%
Bull Market Support BandBenjamin Cowen · weeklyOUTSep 25, 2026 −3.0%Enter above $397.31 (+4.1%)28% 32/115+7.6% / +10.7%−40.9% / −45.6%
Ripster EMA CloudRipster · dailyOUTSep 23, 2026 −2.9%Enter above $391.43 (+2.6%)22% 83/370+7.3% / +10.8%−40.6% / −45.6%
Trend TemplateMark Minervini · dailyOUTMar 18, 2026 −14.2%Not on one close17% 17/103+4.8% / +9.8%−26.3% / −45.6%
Stage AnalysisStan Weinstein · weeklyOUTMay 15, 2026 −8.5%Enter above $673.35 (+76.4%)24% 15/62+8.8% / +11.0%−37.2% / −45.6%
Stage 2 + Mansfield RSStan Weinstein · weeklyOUTMay 15, 2026 −8.5%Enter above $450.31 (+18.0%)40% 33/83+7.6% / +10.6%−22.8% / −45.6%
10-Month SMAMeb Faber · month-endOUTJun 30, 2026 +3.6%Enter above $414.33 (+8.6%)27% 10/37+8.1% / +10.8%−42.6% / −45.6%
200-Day RulePaul Tudor Jones · dailyOUTAug 28, 2026 −6.7%Enter above $415.34 (+8.8%)16% 25/161+8.2% / +10.8%−35.0% / −45.6%
Golden CrossMarket tradition · dailyOUTJun 30, 2026 +3.6%Not on one close30% 8/27+8.8% / +10.8%−35.1% / −45.6%
Granville 200-DayJoseph E. Granville · dailyOUTAug 28, 2026 −6.7%Enter above $569.76 (+49.3%)18% 17/97+8.1% / +10.6%−34.5% / −45.6%
Hull Moving AverageAlan Hull · weeklyOUTSep 25, 2026 −3.0%Enter above $436.54 (+14.4%)36% 48/133+6.2% / +10.8%−34.2% / −45.6%
Kaufman Adaptive MAPerry J. Kaufman · dailyOUTAug 28, 2026 −6.7%Enter above $389.89 (+2.2%)25% 188/742+4.9% / +10.7%−40.6% / −45.6%
TEMA CrossoverPatrick G. Mulloy · dailyOUTSep 8, 2026 −4.5%Enter above $434.43 (+13.8%)40% 100/249+6.7% / +10.7%−26.2% / −45.6%
Seykota 15/150Ed Seykota · dailyINAug 5, 2026 −2.0%Exit below $289.72 (−24.1%)23% 6/26+7.7% / +9.7%−41.3% / −45.6%
Guppy Multiple MAsDaryl Guppy · dailyOUTSep 15, 2026 −3.2%Enter above $469.01 (+22.9%)30% 38/128+7.7% / +10.9%−27.5% / −45.6%
Ichimoku CloudGoichi Hosoda · dailyOUTSep 28, 2026 +1.0%Not on one close31% 34/109+7.0% / +10.5%−38.3% / −45.6%
SupertrendOlivier Seban · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $395.27 (+3.6%)41% 82/202+5.8% / +10.6%−23.5% / −45.6%
Williams AlligatorBill Williams · dailyOUTSep 11, 2026 −4.3%Not on one close41% 130/316+5.3% / +10.6%−27.5% / −45.6%
Vortex IndicatorEtienne Botes & Douglas Siepman · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 −6.2%Enter above $386.03 (+1.1%)38% 241/639+5.6% / +10.6%−31.9% / −45.6%
AroonTushar S. Chande · dailyOUTSep 14, 2026 −2.8%Enter above $406.56 (+6.5%)37% 83/222+5.9% / +10.6%−30.7% / −45.6%
Parabolic SARJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINOct 9, 2026 −0.8%Exit below $374.88 (−1.8%)39% 175/446+7.7% / +10.6%−27.0% / −45.6%
ADX TrendJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Not on one close35% 51/144+2.7% / +10.6%−29.3% / −45.6%
MACD Zero LineGerald Appel · dailyOUTSep 15, 2026 −3.2%Enter above $438.81 (+15.0%)34% 61/180+8.2% / +10.7%−38.8% / −45.6%
Zweig 4% ModelMartin Zweig · weeklyOUTSep 11, 2026 −4.3%Enter above $395.35 (+3.6%)42% 59/140+4.9% / +10.6%−38.7% / −45.6%
MAMA/FAMA CrossJohn F. Ehlers · dailyOUTSep 14, 2026 −2.8%Enter above $410.59 (+7.6%)30% 75/248+6.3% / +10.7%−29.5% / −45.6%
Schaff Trend CycleDoug Schaff · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Not on one close36% 90/253+3.4% / +10.7%−39.6% / −45.6%
Zero Lag EC CrossJohn F. Ehlers & Ric Way · dailyOUTSep 15, 2026 −3.2%Enter above $431.30 (+13.0%)34% 39/114+6.3% / +10.8%−40.5% / −45.6%
DP Trend ModelCarl Swenlin & Erin Swenlin · dailyOUTSep 28, 2026 +1.0%Enter above $475.85 (+24.7%)32% 32/100+6.9% / +10.8%−33.6% / −45.6%
Elder Triple ScreenAlexander Elder · dailyOUTSep 11, 2026 −4.3%Not on one close43% 100/234+7.0% / +11.0%−18.3% / −45.6%
Holy GrailLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTMar 20, 2026 −7.7%Not on one close21% 8/38+0.2% / +10.7%−16.8% / −45.6%
Breakouts & channels
Four-Week RuleRichard Donchian · dailyOUTSep 10, 2026 −3.7%Enter above $403.15 (+5.6%)37% 52/142+5.3% / +10.6%−29.2% / −45.6%
Turtle System 1Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $411.90 (+7.9%)33% 50/152+4.7% / +10.8%−17.3% / −45.6%
Turtle System 2Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $429.42 (+12.5%)35% 35/100+5.4% / +10.8%−25.6% / −45.6%
Clenow TrendAndreas F. Clenow · dailyOUTJan 30, 2026 −14.2%Enter above $619.30 (+62.3%)34% 38/112+4.7% / +10.8%−23.0% / −45.6%
Darvas BoxNicolas Darvas · dailyOUTSep 10, 2026 −3.7%Enter above $385.22 (+0.9%)39% 48/122+5.6% / +10.6%−32.9% / −45.6%
Keltner ChannelChester W. Keltner & Linda Bradford Raschke · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $402.01 (+5.3%)35% 65/186+3.6% / +10.7%−23.3% / −45.6%
Bollinger BreakoutJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $405.37 (+6.2%)37% 74/198+4.8% / +10.6%−23.1% / −45.6%
Chandelier ExitChuck LeBeau · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $401.17 (+5.1%)38% 83/216+4.9% / +10.6%−28.2% / −45.6%
Wilder Volatility SystemJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Enter above $391.78 (+2.6%)39% 88/226+6.1% / +10.6%−28.4% / −45.6%
P&F Double TopA.W. Cohen & Thomas J. Dorsey · dailyINAug 11, 2026 −4.8%Exit below $358.30 (−6.1%)42% 11/26+8.3% / +10.7%−31.2% / −45.6%
Chande Kroll StopTushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 −6.2%Enter above $389.67 (+2.1%)27% 104/386+6.3% / +10.6%−30.9% / −45.6%
Acceleration BandsPrice Headley · dailyOUTAug 28, 2026 −6.7%Not on one close32% 99/310+2.6% / +10.6%−28.1% / −45.6%
TTM SqueezeJohn F. Carter · dailyOUTAug 27, 2026 −9.7%Not on one close44% 41/94+3.4% / +10.7%−8.2% / −45.6%
NR7 BreakoutToby Crabel · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 −0.1%Enter above $382.74 (+0.3%)35% 259/730+6.4% / +10.6%−20.1% / −45.6%
Bollinger SqueezeJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTSep 1, 2026 −3.8%Not on one close24% 9/38+1.3% / +10.7%−13.2% / −45.6%
Momentum
12-Month MomentumMoskowitz, Ooi & Pedersen · month-endINFeb 29, 2024 +101.6%Exit below $381.71 (+0.0%)37% 14/38+8.3% / +10.2%−33.3% / −45.6%
12-1 MomentumNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Sheridan Titman · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +106.5%Not on one close47% 14/30+9.6% / +10.2%−29.4% / −45.6%
Dual MomentumGary Antonacci · month-endOUTSep 30, 2026 +0.2%Enter above $424.43 (+11.2%)38% 14/37+6.8% / +10.2%−33.3% / −45.6%
Stocks on the MoveAndreas F. Clenow · dailyOUTSep 23, 2026 −2.9%Buy $390.64–$438.92 (+2.4%)21% 28/134+6.7% / +10.8%−38.8% / −45.6%
52-Week HighThomas J. George & Chuan-Yang Hwang · month-endOUTMay 29, 2026 −8.5%Enter above $471.11 (+23.4%)40% 6/15+8.5% / +10.7%−44.0% / −45.6%
Levy Relative StrengthRobert A. Levy · weeklyOUTApr 24, 2026 −11.9%Enter above $415.67 (+8.9%)38% 45/118+6.7% / +10.9%−25.4% / −45.6%
MACD Signal CrossGerald Appel · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $378.45 (−0.8%)38% 164/434+8.2% / +10.7%−22.3% / −45.6%
Elder ImpulseAlexander Elder · dailyINOct 9, 2026 −0.8%Exit below $378.79 (−0.8%)34% 233/690+7.9% / +10.7%−29.8% / −45.6%
Know Sure ThingMartin J. Pring · dailyOUTSep 2, 2026 −5.2%Enter above $406.97 (+6.6%)43% 131/303+7.8% / +10.8%−25.0% / −45.6%
Coppock CurveEdwin S. C. Coppock · month-endINMar 31, 2023 +108.3%Not on one close35% 6/17+4.7% / +9.4%−26.4% / −45.6%
CCI +100Donald R. Lambert · dailyOUTAug 27, 2026 −9.7%Enter above $406.95 (+6.6%)31% 187/606+3.6% / +10.6%−27.3% / −45.6%
TRIX Signal CrossJack K. Hutson · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 −6.2%Enter above $464.83 (+21.8%)42% 108/258+6.8% / +10.8%−28.8% / −45.6%
TSI Zero LineWilliam Blau · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 −2.6%Enter above $441.73 (+15.7%)35% 60/172+8.3% / +10.8%−37.8% / −45.6%
13612W MomentumWouter J. Keller & Jan Willem Keuning · month-endOUTSep 30, 2026 +0.2%Enter above $382.20 (+0.1%)35% 32/91+6.3% / +10.2%−48.5% / −45.6%
Market-State MomentumMichael J. Cooper, Roberto C. Gutierrez Jr. & Allaudeen Hameed · month-endINApr 28, 2023 +106.5%Not on one close43% 12/28+6.1% / +8.8%−28.2% / −45.6%
Frog in the PanZhi Da, Umit G. Gurun & Mitch Warachka · dailyINJun 30, 2023 +114.1%Not on one close37% 11/30+8.6% / +10.2%−30.7% / −45.6%
PMO Signal CrossCarl Swenlin · dailyOUTSep 2, 2026 −5.2%Enter above $398.78 (+4.5%)38% 119/317+7.6% / +10.7%−32.2% / −45.6%
Mean reversion
RSI 30/70J. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTAug 26, 2026 −9.4%Not on one close72% 26/36+4.5% / +10.6%−29.2% / −45.6%
RSI(2) PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTMay 29, 2026 −8.5%Not on one close62% 173/280+3.4% / +10.8%−14.5% / −45.6%
Double 7sLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTJun 16, 2026 −4.0%Not on one close63% 229/362+4.6% / +10.8%−27.6% / −45.6%
Bollinger ReversionJohn Bollinger · dailyINSep 28, 2026 +1.0%Sell above $386.59 (+1.3%)61% 112/185+4.8% / +10.6%−19.6% / −45.6%
Stochastic 20/80George C. Lane · dailyINSep 16, 2026 −2.6%Not on one close55% 93/168+3.2% / +10.6%−36.7% / −45.6%
Williams %RLarry Williams · dailyINSep 3, 2026 −7.0%Not on one close57% 173/303+4.2% / +10.6%−35.2% / −45.6%
DeMark 9-CountTom DeMark · dailyOUTAug 13, 2026 −4.3%Not on one close60% 49/82+4.0% / +10.6%−25.8% / −45.6%
Mayer MultipleTrace Mayer · dailyINSep 2, 2005 +762.5%Sell above $1,003.88 (+163.0%)–+10.8% / +10.8%−45.6% / −45.6%
ConnorsRSI PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez & Matt Radtke · dailyOUTAug 13, 2020 +108.2%Buy below $229.67 (−39.8%)40% 4/10+2.1% / +10.7%−4.8% / −45.6%
Laguerre RSIJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINSep 18, 2026 −4.9%Not on one close47% 155/327+6.1% / +10.7%−29.5% / −45.6%
StochRSI 20/80Tushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyOUTOct 13, 2026 0.0%Not on one close56% 228/410+5.7% / +10.7%−32.9% / −45.6%
IBS ReversionAlexander S. Pagonidis · dailyOUTOct 1, 2026 −0.3%Buy below $381.67 (0.0%)54% 853/1582+0.3% / +10.6%−44.6% / −45.6%
Connors %bLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTJul 22, 2026 +0.7%Not on one close62% 53/86+4.6% / +10.8%−18.9% / −45.6%
Fisher TransformJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINOct 9, 2026 −0.8%Exit below $373.99 (−2.0%)37% 401/1080+5.4% / +10.7%−35.2% / −45.6%
1-Month ReversalNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Bruce N. Lehmann · month-endINSep 30, 2026 +0.2%Sell above $388.52 (+1.8%)51% 66/130+4.3% / +10.6%−40.6% / −45.6%
Volume & money flow
On-Balance VolumeJoseph E. Granville · dailyOUTOct 12, 2026 −0.1%Enter above $381.67 (+0.0%)25% 192/758+2.8% / +10.6%−33.6% / −45.6%
Chaikin Money FlowMarc Chaikin · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 −2.6%Not on one close44% 83/189+6.1% / +10.6%−43.8% / −45.6%
Money Flow IndexGene Quong & Avrum Soudack · dailyOUTAug 18, 2026 −4.2%Not on one close67% 20/30+5.0% / +10.6%−22.1% / −45.6%
Negative Volume IndexNorman Fosback & Paul Dysart · dailyINSep 22, 2025 +10.6%Not on one close34% 34/100+6.3% / +10.3%−43.7% / −45.6%
Force IndexAlexander Elder · dailyOUTAug 28, 2026 −6.7%Enter above $384.76 (+0.8%)30% 195/649+7.3% / +10.6%−25.5% / −45.6%
Buff AveragesBuff Dormeier · dailyOUTSep 2, 2026 −5.2%Enter above $408.36 (+7.0%)37% 133/360+6.8% / +10.6%−22.7% / −45.6%
Chaikin OscillatorMarc Chaikin · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +0.8%Exit below $381.67 (0.0%)42% 249/592+7.0% / +10.6%−43.5% / −45.6%
Volume Flow IndicatorMarkos Katsanos · dailyINSep 25, 2026 −3.0%Not on one close35% 26/74+8.3% / +10.3%−34.7% / −45.6%
Klinger OscillatorStephen J. Klinger · dailyOUTOct 13, 2026 0.0%Enter above $382.04 (+0.1%)33% 311/942+5.1% / +10.7%−25.1% / −45.6%
Candles & chart patterns
Engulfing SwitchSteve Nison & Thomas N. Bulkowski · dailyINJul 17, 2026 +3.6%Not on one close48% 33/69+4.3% / +10.6%−36.0% / −45.6%
HikkakeDaniel L. Chesler · dailyOUTApr 21, 2026 −11.2%Not on one close37% 42/114+4.2% / +10.6%−24.4% / −45.6%
Turtle Soup Plus OneLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +0.8%Exit below $374.23 (−1.9%)42% 33/79+1.4% / +10.6%−11.1% / −45.6%
Calendar
Halloween IndicatorSven Bouman & Ben Jacobsen & Yale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTApr 30, 2026 −9.9%Buys Oct 3060% 26/43+9.3% / +10.6%−28.9% / −45.6%
Best Six + MACDYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINOct 9, 2026 −0.8%Window opens Apr 158% 25/43+9.4% / +10.7%−29.1% / −45.6%
Seasonal TimingSy Harding · dailyOUTApr 28, 2026 −9.5%Window opens Oct 1658% 25/43+8.9% / +10.7%−39.0% / −45.6%
Santa Claus RallyYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTJan 5, 2026 −6.6%Buys Dec 2361% 27/44+3.8% / +10.6%−6.5% / −45.6%
Turn of the MonthJosef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt & Robert A. Ariel · dailyOUTOct 5, 2026 +0.6%Buys Oct 2950% 265/526+3.6% / +10.6%−31.2% / −45.6%
Presidential Sweet SpotYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINSep 30, 2026 +0.2%Sells Jun 3045% 5/11+3.6% / +10.6%−12.0% / −45.6%
Pre-HolidayRobert A. Ariel & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 −6.2%Buys Nov 2450% 201/400+2.3% / +10.6%−5.9% / −45.6%
January BarometerYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · month-endINDec 30, 2022 +125.0%Not on one close45% 9/20+8.2% / +10.6%−37.8% / −45.6%
Weekend EffectKenneth French & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyINOct 12, 2026 −0.1%Sells Oct 1652% 1177/2284+4.7% / +10.6%−49.3% / −45.6%
Pre-FOMC DriftDavid Lucca & Emanuel Moench · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 −2.6%Buys Oct 2749% 171/348+2.0% / +10.6%−7.6% / −45.6%
Lunar CycleKathy Yuan, Lu Zheng & Qiaoqiao Zhu · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +0.4%Sells Oct 1650% 270/541+5.5% / +10.6%−37.6% / −45.6%
Benchmark
Buy & HoldJohn C. Bogle · benchmarkINJan 3, 2005Always in–+10.6%−45.6%

If the market cracks: the storm test

How the storm test works
ExposureLow0 of 10 points
  • Market swings0/3
  • Past crashes0/2
  • Debt0/3
  • Run-up0/2

Nothing on the checklist stands out.

Past crashes, peak to low

Financial crisis Oct 2007 to Nov 2008 · back to its old high Nov 2008

GLD−4%
S&P 500−57%

COVID crash Feb 2020 to Mar 2020 · back to its old high Mar 2020

GLD−9%
S&P 500−34%

2022 bear market Jan 2022 to Sep 2022 · back to its old high Dec 2022

GLD−10%
S&P 500−25%
  • Beta0.18Moves about 0.2× as much as the S&P 500 week to week.
  • Downside capture−21%In months the S&P 500 fell, this fell -21% as much on average (it often rose anyway).
  • Two-year change+55%Run-ups of 100%+ crashed 40% or more within two years about half the time (Greenwood, Shleifer & You).
  • From 52-week high−23%

A crash marks every stock down; debt decides which companies come through. The storm test scores both halves: how hard the stock swings with the market, and how much debt it carries into a downturn. It describes fragility; it does not predict a crash.

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