Oct 13 close Sign in

Sectors

Energy Select Sector ETF (XLE)

Your signal

Buy86 / 100

Buy: 86 is at or above your Buy line of 60. Off the high (at its 1-year high) scores 100 and lifts it; Plays in (74%) scores 74 and holds it back.

Every factor in this score has a tested record: each was checked month by month since 2011 on numbers public at the time.

Factor you weightXLEPointsWeightAdds
Plays in74%744029.6
Off the highat its 1-year high1003030.0
Trend+19% vs 200-day893026.7
Email me when it flips

Your signal is the one call Be The Puck makes on a stock, and you set it: weight the plays, analysts, P/E, growth, debt, trend and more, and move the Buy and Sell lines. Every page follows your choice. How the score works

All 18 factors for XLE
FactorXLEPointsWhat it is
Plays in74%74The share of the plays you count that hold it now.
Analysts' upside––How far analysts' average 12-month target sits above the price (3+ analysts). −20% scores 0, +50% full marks; at most 50 while the price is below its 200-day average, since targets lag a falling price.
Analysts' rating––The analysts' average recommendation: strong buy scores 100, hold or worse 0.
P/E––Price over the last four quarters' earnings per share. Lower ranks higher; a loss scores 0.
Forward P/E––Price over next year's expected earnings. Lower ranks higher; an expected loss scores 0.
PEG––P/E divided by expected earnings growth. Lower ranks higher; around 1 is often read as fair for the growth.
Price to sales––Market value over the last 12 months' revenue. Lower ranks higher.
Price to book––Price over book value (assets minus debts) per share. Lower ranks higher.
Dividend yield––Dividends over the last year as a share of the price. Higher ranks higher; no dividend scores 0.
Earnings growth––Earnings per share over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Revenue growth––Revenue over the last four quarters against the four before (the latest quarter on a year earlier where filings aren't available). Higher ranks higher.
Profit margin––Net profit as a share of revenue. Higher ranks higher.
Return on equity––Profit as a share of shareholders' equity. Higher ranks higher.
Debt to equity––Debt against shareholders' equity. Lower ranks higher; negative equity scores 0.
Off the highat its 1-year high100How far the price sits below its highest close of the last year: 100 points at the high, none at 30% or more below. The exit rule: a stock that keeps falling loses points whatever else it has going for it.
Trend+19% vs 200-day89How far the price sits above its 200-day average. Higher ranks higher.
1-year momentum+60%82The price change over the last 12 months. Higher ranks higher.
Low crash exposure0/10 · low100The storm test: 100 for no exposure, 10 points off per point of exposure.

The read

Test a theory on XLE

This analysis does not constitute trading advice. Please meet with an advisor or independently review sources before making any decision. New to this? Start with the basics.

Plays in74 / 100Every play Be The Puck tests, in 7 families.
Crash exposureLow0 of 10 on the storm testMayer Multiple1.19×Price ÷ its 200-day average (+19%). Higher than on 90% of days since 2005. Above 2.4 is Mayer's overheated zone.

The most accurate play in each family

Each family's play whose calls went the right way most often, tested on 351 stocks since 2005, and what it says about XLE now.

A call is right when the stock rose after an in call or fell after an out call. Trend plays are built to take many small losses for a few big wins, so their hit rates run lower; being right often isn't the same as making the most money. How we test a play.

Each candle is one trading day: the box spans the open and close, the thin line the day's high and low. Hollow boxes closed up, filled boxes closed down. Toggle the averages to see the trend the plays read. Dots above the candles mark news and company filings: hover or tap one to see the story and how the stock moved from the last close before it, against the market on the same days.

Two years of calls, week by week

InOutShare of plays in

One row per play, grouped by family. When most rows turn green at once, the trend is broad. When they split, the plays disagree and the stock is usually chopping sideways.

Every play on XLE

All 100 plays, by family.

Calls right: how often the play's calls on XLE went the right way since 2005. Record columns: play / buy and hold, annual return and worst drawdown since 2005. Click a column to sort.Sort with the menu above the list.

PlayCallSinceNext moveCalls rightAnnual returnWorst drawdown
Trend following
PB EMABitcoin Playboy · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $63.87 (−5.0%)30% 196/658+4.7% / +9.4%−47.4% / −71.3%
Bull Market Support BandBenjamin Cowen · weeklyINJul 17, 2026 +17.2%Exit below $59.49 (−11.5%)26% 34/130+3.3% / +9.4%−56.2% / −71.3%
Ripster EMA CloudRipster · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $62.45 (−7.1%)24% 93/380+5.7% / +9.4%−39.0% / −71.3%
Trend TemplateMark Minervini · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $62.82 (−6.5%)17% 23/136+2.4% / +9.4%−35.6% / −71.3%
Stage AnalysisStan Weinstein · weeklyINJul 10, 2026 +22.7%Exit below $58.73 (−12.6%)21% 19/92+4.9% / +9.4%−57.6% / −71.3%
Stage 2 + Mansfield RSStan Weinstein · weeklyINJul 10, 2026 +22.7%Exit below $59.17 (−12.0%)27% 20/74+2.7% / +9.4%−46.5% / −71.3%
10-Month SMAMeb Faber · month-endINJul 31, 2025 +59.9%Exit below $57.43 (−14.5%)41% 14/34+10.3% / +9.4%−34.1% / −71.3%
200-Day RulePaul Tudor Jones · dailyINOct 17, 2025 +60.8%Exit below $56.70 (−15.6%)14% 26/180+7.4% / +9.4%−38.8% / −71.3%
Golden CrossMarket tradition · dailyINAug 28, 2025 +55.1%Not on one close46% 13/28+9.6% / +9.4%−32.6% / −71.3%
Granville 200-DayJoseph E. Granville · dailyINOct 17, 2025 +60.8%Exit below $56.70 (−15.6%)16% 21/128+7.6% / +9.4%−35.9% / −71.3%
Hull Moving AverageAlan Hull · weeklyINJul 24, 2026 +13.4%Exit below $64.71 (−3.7%)33% 46/138+4.4% / +9.4%−51.7% / −71.3%
Kaufman Adaptive MAPerry J. Kaufman · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +7.0%Exit below $65.01 (−3.3%)25% 202/816+3.4% / +9.4%−62.6% / −71.3%
TEMA CrossoverPatrick G. Mulloy · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $64.50 (−4.0%)38% 96/255+6.8% / +9.4%−55.6% / −71.3%
Seykota 15/150Ed Seykota · dailyINJul 10, 2025 +57.1%Not on one close50% 8/16+9.5% / +8.5%−27.8% / −71.3%
Guppy Multiple MAsDaryl Guppy · dailyINJul 20, 2026 +16.7%Exit below $54.99 (−18.2%)27% 39/146+3.6% / +9.4%−51.0% / −71.3%
Ichimoku CloudGoichi Hosoda · dailyINJul 21, 2026 +15.6%Exit below $58.72 (−12.6%)26% 36/136+3.8% / +9.4%−46.9% / −71.3%
SupertrendOlivier Seban · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $62.86 (−6.5%)34% 59/172+4.9% / +9.4%−45.5% / −71.3%
Williams AlligatorBill Williams · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Not on one close42% 139/332+5.1% / +9.4%−40.2% / −71.3%
Vortex IndicatorEtienne Botes & Douglas Siepman · dailyINOct 7, 2026 +6.1%Exit below $58.33 (−13.2%)34% 192/568+4.3% / +9.4%−48.0% / −71.3%
AroonTushar S. Chande · dailyINOct 9, 2026 +3.3%Exit below $60.95 (−9.3%)37% 76/204+5.3% / +9.4%−47.1% / −71.3%
Parabolic SARJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +5.9%Exit below $63.25 (−5.9%)39% 203/518+4.3% / +9.4%−52.1% / −71.3%
ADX TrendJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTSep 17, 2026 +4.8%Enter above $100.52 (+49.6%)33% 43/130+2.4% / +9.4%−39.4% / −71.3%
MACD Zero LineGerald Appel · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +5.9%Exit below $54.89 (−18.3%)28% 54/192+4.2% / +9.4%−53.3% / −71.3%
Zweig 4% ModelMartin Zweig · weeklyINOct 9, 2026 +3.3%Exit below $62.48 (−7.0%)33% 65/198+2.9% / +9.4%−49.3% / −71.3%
MAMA/FAMA CrossJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINOct 6, 2026 +5.4%Not on one close33% 74/224+4.9% / +9.4%−52.9% / −71.3%
Schaff Trend CycleDoug Schaff · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Not on one close39% 105/272+5.0% / +9.4%−58.5% / −71.3%
Zero Lag EC CrossJohn F. Ehlers & Ric Way · dailyOUTSep 30, 2026 +9.3%Not on one close34% 52/155+3.2% / +9.4%−46.6% / −71.3%
DP Trend ModelCarl Swenlin & Erin Swenlin · dailyINJul 21, 2026 +15.6%Exit below $38.69 (−42.4%)31% 32/102+3.8% / +9.4%−50.9% / −71.3%
Elder Triple ScreenAlexander Elder · dailyOUTSep 18, 2026 +5.1%Not on one close36% 75/210+2.1% / +9.4%−56.7% / −71.3%
Holy GrailLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTApr 8, 2026 +17.3%Not on one close14% 2/14+1.4% / +9.4%−6.3% / −71.3%
Breakouts & channels
Four-Week RuleRichard Donchian · dailyINJul 17, 2026 +17.2%Exit below $60.95 (−9.3%)37% 50/136+6.1% / +9.4%−35.5% / −71.3%
Turtle System 1Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Exit below $63.46 (−5.6%)33% 47/144+4.2% / +9.4%−38.0% / −71.3%
Turtle System 2Richard Dennis & William Eckhardt · dailyINAug 11, 2026 +10.9%Exit below $60.95 (−9.3%)30% 33/110+3.9% / +9.4%−38.9% / −71.3%
Clenow TrendAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Exit below $62.93 (−6.4%)26% 30/114+2.3% / +9.4%−40.3% / −71.3%
Darvas BoxNicolas Darvas · dailyINAug 11, 2026 +10.9%Exit below $61.42 (−8.6%)34% 43/128+1.5% / +9.4%−51.8% / −71.3%
Keltner ChannelChester W. Keltner & Linda Bradford Raschke · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $63.92 (−4.9%)26% 44/172+1.4% / +9.4%−44.8% / −71.3%
Bollinger BreakoutJohn Bollinger · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Exit below $63.37 (−5.7%)32% 68/212+1.7% / +9.4%−37.1% / −71.3%
Chandelier ExitChuck LeBeau · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Exit below $63.44 (−5.6%)34% 64/186+6.2% / +9.4%−31.7% / −71.3%
Wilder Volatility SystemJ. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Exit below $63.24 (−5.9%)36% 67/184+6.5% / +9.4%−37.5% / −71.3%
P&F Double TopA.W. Cohen & Thomas J. Dorsey · dailyINAug 14, 2026 +9.2%Exit below $60.29 (−10.3%)34% 28/82+4.1% / +9.4%−53.5% / −71.3%
Chande Kroll StopTushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $63.21 (−5.9%)29% 104/364+3.6% / +9.4%−53.8% / −71.3%
Acceleration BandsPrice Headley · dailyOUTSep 3, 2026 +4.6%Enter above $66.17 (−1.5%)27% 61/224+0.5% / +9.4%−33.2% / −71.3%
TTM SqueezeJohn F. Carter · dailyOUTAug 26, 2026 +8.3%Not on one close30% 38/125−0.8% / +9.4%−37.7% / −71.3%
NR7 BreakoutToby Crabel · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $65.67 (−2.3%)36% 244/674+4.0% / +9.4%−63.5% / −71.3%
Bollinger SqueezeJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +5.6%Not on one close40% 12/30+2.9% / +9.4%−10.3% / −71.3%
Momentum
12-Month MomentumMoskowitz, Ooi & Pedersen · month-endINDec 31, 2025 +53.3%Exit below $44.43 (−33.9%)50% 16/32+8.7% / +9.0%−45.8% / −71.3%
12-1 MomentumNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Sheridan Titman · month-endINDec 31, 2025 +53.3%Not on one close50% 14/28+7.5% / +9.0%−54.5% / −71.3%
Dual MomentumGary Antonacci · month-endINJan 30, 2026 +34.2%Exit below $49.40 (−26.5%)36% 10/28+6.3% / +9.0%−35.4% / −71.3%
Stocks on the MoveAndreas F. Clenow · dailyINAug 11, 2026 +10.9%Exit below $59.45 (−11.5%)22% 39/176+3.9% / +9.4%−42.8% / −71.3%
52-Week HighThomas J. George & Chuan-Yang Hwang · month-endINAug 29, 2025 +54.2%Exit below $57.12 (−15.0%)39% 7/18+7.2% / +9.4%−36.0% / −71.3%
Levy Relative StrengthRobert A. Levy · weeklyINAug 14, 2026 +9.2%Exit below $61.07 (−9.1%)24% 31/128+1.3% / +9.4%−52.3% / −71.3%
MACD Signal CrossGerald Appel · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $60.21 (−10.4%)38% 171/446+4.9% / +9.4%−62.2% / −71.3%
Elder ImpulseAlexander Elder · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $64.36 (−4.2%)35% 268/770+5.8% / +9.4%−52.6% / −71.3%
Know Sure ThingMartin J. Pring · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $57.05 (−15.1%)38% 121/316+2.7% / +9.4%−72.1% / −71.3%
Coppock CurveEdwin S. C. Coppock · month-endINNov 28, 2025 +52.8%Not on one close53% 8/15+10.0% / +7.4%−34.3% / −71.3%
CCI +100Donald R. Lambert · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $64.39 (−4.2%)30% 195/656+0.9% / +9.4%−33.8% / −71.3%
TRIX Signal CrossJack K. Hutson · dailyINOct 13, 2026 0.0%Exit below $57.71 (−14.1%)39% 107/272+5.0% / +9.4%−59.8% / −71.3%
TSI Zero LineWilliam Blau · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +5.9%Exit below $54.76 (−18.5%)28% 53/190+3.7% / +9.4%−54.1% / −71.3%
13612W MomentumWouter J. Keller & Jan Willem Keuning · month-endINJul 31, 2026 +13.5%Exit below $59.37 (−11.6%)38% 30/78+7.2% / +9.0%−40.6% / −71.3%
Market-State MomentumMichael J. Cooper, Roberto C. Gutierrez Jr. & Allaudeen Hameed · month-endINDec 31, 2025 +53.3%Not on one close46% 11/24+5.4% / +7.5%−52.3% / −71.3%
Frog in the PanZhi Da, Umit G. Gurun & Mitch Warachka · dailyINDec 31, 2025 +53.3%Not on one close50% 17/34+6.7% / +9.0%−55.6% / −71.3%
PMO Signal CrossCarl Swenlin · dailyINOct 9, 2026 +3.3%Exit below $61.27 (−8.8%)37% 122/332+6.4% / +9.4%−44.4% / −71.3%
Mean reversion
RSI 30/70J. Welles Wilder Jr. · dailyOUTSep 3, 2025 +57.5%Not on one close68% 23/34+5.7% / +9.4%−63.2% / −71.3%
RSI(2) PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Buy $56.70–$58.62 (−12.8%)61% 192/316+3.7% / +9.4%−24.5% / −71.3%
Double 7sLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Buy $56.70–$63.36 (−5.7%)59% 215/364+3.3% / +9.4%−28.6% / −71.3%
Bollinger ReversionJohn Bollinger · dailyOUTJul 8, 2026 +21.6%Buy below $59.82 (−11.0%)64% 129/202+4.5% / +9.4%−60.8% / −71.3%
Stochastic 20/80George C. Lane · dailyINSep 24, 2026 +7.3%Exit below $66.11 (−1.6%)63% 101/161+3.6% / +9.4%−65.3% / −71.3%
Williams %RLarry Williams · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 +6.1%Not on one close61% 177/290+3.9% / +9.4%−60.4% / −71.3%
DeMark 9-CountTom DeMark · dailyOUTJul 17, 2026 +17.2%Not on one close67% 51/76+6.3% / +9.4%−60.6% / −71.3%
Mayer MultipleTrace Mayer · dailyINNov 22, 2004 +575.5%Sell above $137.05 (+103.9%)–+9.4% / +9.4%−71.3% / −71.3%
ConnorsRSI PullbackLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez & Matt Radtke · dailyOUTApr 9, 2025 +70.6%Buy below $32.68 (−51.4%)57% 8/14+2.2% / +9.4%−20.9% / −71.3%
Laguerre RSIJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $63.77 (−5.1%)48% 162/339+6.2% / +9.4%−46.3% / −71.3%
StochRSI 20/80Tushar S. Chande & Stanley Kroll · dailyOUTOct 7, 2026 +6.1%Not on one close55% 230/415+2.0% / +9.4%−68.6% / −71.3%
IBS ReversionAlexander S. Pagonidis · dailyOUTOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Buy below $67.20 (0.0%)57% 1012/1776+5.2% / +9.4%−43.6% / −71.3%
Connors %bLarry Connors & Cesar Alvarez · dailyOUTOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Not on one close62% 62/100+5.9% / +9.4%−25.8% / −71.3%
Fisher TransformJohn F. Ehlers · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $65.25 (−2.9%)39% 411/1054+6.0% / +9.4%−58.8% / −71.3%
1-Month ReversalNarasimhan Jegadeesh & Bruce N. Lehmann · month-endINSep 30, 2026 +9.3%Sell above $62.74 (−6.6%)64% 82/129+7.9% / +9.4%−63.8% / −71.3%
Volume & money flow
On-Balance VolumeJoseph E. Granville · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +7.0%Not on one close28% 207/734+5.6% / +9.4%−56.7% / −71.3%
Chaikin Money FlowMarc Chaikin · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +5.6%Enter above $67.20 (+0.0%)34% 73/214+0.6% / +9.4%−43.0% / −71.3%
Money Flow IndexGene Quong & Avrum Soudack · dailyOUTJan 21, 2025 +51.5%Not on one close65% 22/34+1.8% / +9.4%−60.8% / −71.3%
Negative Volume IndexNorman Fosback & Paul Dysart · dailyINJan 6, 2021 +305.1%Not on one close35% 16/46+5.4% / +9.5%−79.5% / −71.3%
Force IndexAlexander Elder · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $64.28 (−4.3%)30% 240/800+3.5% / +9.4%−48.7% / −71.3%
Buff AveragesBuff Dormeier · dailyINOct 8, 2026 +3.0%Exit below $51.15 (−23.9%)34% 126/366+3.2% / +9.4%−59.4% / −71.3%
Chaikin OscillatorMarc Chaikin · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +7.0%Not on one close35% 219/630+2.2% / +9.4%−56.6% / −71.3%
Volume Flow IndicatorMarkos Katsanos · dailyINDec 26, 2025 +55.0%Not on one close38% 50/132+6.8% / +9.3%−50.4% / −71.3%
Klinger OscillatorStephen J. Klinger · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Not on one close36% 336/942+6.0% / +9.4%−52.7% / −71.3%
Candles & chart patterns
Engulfing SwitchSteve Nison & Thomas N. Bulkowski · dailyINOct 1, 2026 +7.2%Exit below $66.50 (−1.0%)61% 66/108+10.7% / +9.4%−46.2% / −71.3%
HikkakeDaniel L. Chesler · dailyINAug 10, 2026 +12.3%Exit below $56.77 (−15.5%)36% 31/85+4.1% / +9.4%−39.7% / −71.3%
Turtle Soup Plus OneLinda Bradford Raschke & Larry Connors · dailyOUTJul 13, 2026 +19.1%Not on one close52% 30/58+2.8% / +9.4%−15.4% / −71.3%
Calendar
Halloween IndicatorSven Bouman & Ben Jacobsen & Yale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTApr 30, 2026 +14.1%Buys Oct 3060% 26/43+10.1% / +9.4%−60.6% / −71.3%
Best Six + MACDYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINOct 5, 2026 +5.9%Window opens Apr 152% 23/44+10.9% / +9.4%−62.8% / −71.3%
Seasonal TimingSy Harding · dailyOUTApr 20, 2026 +23.6%Window opens Oct 1658% 25/43+7.9% / +9.4%−60.6% / −71.3%
Santa Claus RallyYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyOUTJan 5, 2026 +46.2%Buys Dec 2355% 24/44+3.5% / +9.4%−10.9% / −71.3%
Turn of the MonthJosef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt & Robert A. Ariel · dailyOUTOct 5, 2026 +5.9%Buys Oct 2948% 255/526+2.4% / +9.4%−32.1% / −71.3%
Presidential Sweet SpotYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · dailyINSep 30, 2026 +9.3%Sells Jun 3036% 4/11+3.7% / +9.4%−41.5% / −71.3%
Pre-HolidayRobert A. Ariel & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyOUTSep 4, 2026 +5.5%Buys Nov 2452% 209/400+2.3% / +9.4%−9.8% / −71.3%
January BarometerYale Hirsch & Jeffrey Hirsch · month-endINDec 30, 2022 +73.4%Not on one close45% 9/20+5.3% / +9.4%−33.9% / −71.3%
Weekend EffectKenneth French & Josef Lakonishok & Seymour Smidt · dailyINOct 12, 2026 +1.8%Sells Oct 1650% 1135/2284+4.9% / +9.4%−57.9% / −71.3%
Pre-FOMC DriftDavid Lucca & Emanuel Moench · dailyOUTSep 16, 2026 +5.6%Buys Oct 2744% 153/348+2.5% / +9.4%−9.7% / −71.3%
Lunar CycleKathy Yuan, Lu Zheng & Qiaoqiao Zhu · dailyINOct 2, 2026 +7.0%Sells Oct 1651% 274/541+6.8% / +9.4%−46.9% / −71.3%
Benchmark
Buy & HoldJohn C. Bogle · benchmarkINJan 3, 2005Always in–+9.4%−71.3%

If the market cracks: the storm test

How the storm test works
ExposureLow0 of 10 points
  • Market swings0/3
  • Past crashes0/2
  • Debt0/3
  • Run-up0/2

Nothing on the checklist stands out.

Past crashes, peak to low

Financial crisis Oct 2007 to Mar 2009 · back to its old high Jan 2011

XLE−49%
S&P 500−57%

COVID crash Feb 2020 to Mar 2020 · back to its old high Mar 2021

XLE−56%
S&P 500−34%

2022 bear market Jan 2022 to Jan 2022 · back to its old high Jan 2022

XLE0%
S&P 500−25%
  • Beta0.27Moves about 0.3× as much as the S&P 500 week to week.
  • Downside capture−31%In months the S&P 500 fell, this fell -31% as much on average (it often rose anyway).
  • Two-year change+54%Run-ups of 100%+ crashed 40% or more within two years about half the time (Greenwood, Shleifer & You).
  • From 52-week high0%

A crash marks every stock down; debt decides which companies come through. The storm test scores both halves: how hard the stock swings with the market, and how much debt it carries into a downturn. It describes fragility; it does not predict a crash.

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