Candles & chart patterns · daily rule · Metals & mining
Engulfing Switch on Perpetua Resources
What the play says
Latest reading: Pattern 0.00
PPTA with the play, last two years
Shading shows the play's call from the close that triggered it.
Engulfing patterns (+1 bullish, −1 bearish)
Dashed line at 0.
Growth of C$10,000 since 2011
Log scale. After trading costs, with T-bill interest while out.
The record
The play against buying and holding PPTA over exactly the same dates, after costs.
| Play, since 2011 | Hold, since 2011 | Play, 5 yrs | Hold, 5 yrs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual return | +2.7% | −1.3% | +7.4% | +34.4% |
| Total return | +51% | −18% | +43% | +336% |
| Worst drawdown | −79.8% | −95.2% | −69.6% | −67.7% |
| Volatility | 47.5% | 69.7% | 46.8% | 71.9% |
| Sharpe ratio | 0.26 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.71 |
| Time invested | 46% | 100% | ||
| Switches per year | 5.4 | 0 |
Every call, graded
Right on 45 of 82 closed calls (55%). In calls averaged +3.6%; out calls saw PPTA move +4.3% on average.
| Called | Call | Price | Until | PPTA moved | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| May 7, 2026 | OUT | C$38.96 | now | −29.3% | open |
| Dec 4, 2025 | IN | C$35.90 | May 7, 2026 | +8.5% | ✓ right |
| Nov 20, 2025 | OUT | C$31.06 | Dec 4, 2025 | +15.6% | ✕ wrong |
| Nov 7, 2025 | IN | C$31.26 | Nov 20, 2025 | −0.6% | ✕ wrong |
| Jul 14, 2025 | OUT | C$20.06 | Nov 7, 2025 | +55.8% | ✕ wrong |
| May 15, 2025 | IN | C$16.99 | Jul 14, 2025 | +18.1% | ✓ right |
| Mar 21, 2025 | OUT | C$15.81 | May 15, 2025 | +7.5% | ✕ wrong |
| Feb 28, 2025 | IN | C$12.44 | Mar 21, 2025 | +27.1% | ✓ right |
| Nov 20, 2024 | OUT | C$13.50 | Feb 28, 2025 | −7.9% | ✓ right |
| Oct 9, 2024 | IN | C$12.28 | Nov 20, 2024 | +9.9% | ✓ right |
| Oct 1, 2024 | OUT | C$12.53 | Oct 9, 2024 | −2.0% | ✓ right |
| Sep 24, 2024 | IN | C$11.76 | Oct 1, 2024 | +6.5% | ✓ right |
An in call is right when the price rose before the next call; an out call is right when it fell. The latest 12 of 83 calls shown.
How the play works
- Bullish engulfing: after a decline, a down day (close below open) is followed by an up day that opens at or below the prior close and closes at or above the prior open.
- Bearish engulfing: after a rise, an up day is followed by a down day that opens at or above the prior close and closes at or below the prior open.
- In at the close of a bullish engulfing day. Out at the close of a bearish engulfing day. Otherwise the rule keeps its last call.
A decline (or rise) means the prior close is below (or above) the close 5 sessions before it. Nison and Bulkowski require a prior trend but give no number.
Nison weighs support, resistance and confirmation, which a mechanical rule cannot judge. No confirmation day is required here.
Shadows are ignored, as both Nison and Bulkowski allow. One edge of the new body may equal the old body's edge, as in the TA-Lib pattern library, but not both.
Crypto trades around the clock, so a coin's daily open is just the prior close. For coins the open is taken as the prior close, and the pattern becomes a close beyond the prior day's open.
Where the rules come from
The case against
Valeriy Zakamulin tested moving-average timing on up to 155 years of U.S. stock data and found no statistically significant edge in the second half of that record. The rules earned their keep in a few severe bear markets and lagged buy and hold for long stretches in between.