Candles & chart patterns · daily rule · Energy & power
Engulfing Switch on PrairieSky Royalty
What the play says
Latest reading: Pattern 0.00
PSK with the play, last two years
Shading shows the play's call from the close that triggered it.
Engulfing patterns (+1 bullish, −1 bearish)
Dashed line at 0.
Growth of C$10,000 since 2014
Log scale. After trading costs, with T-bill interest while out.
The record
The play against buying and holding PSK over exactly the same dates, after costs.
| Play, since 2014 | Hold, since 2014 | Play, 5 yrs | Hold, 5 yrs | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Annual return | −2.0% | +3.0% | +7.9% | +22.6% |
| Total return | −22% | +44% | +46% | +176% |
| Worst drawdown | −63.3% | −80.7% | −29.7% | −25.4% |
| Volatility | 22.2% | 32.8% | 16.8% | 25.2% |
| Sharpe ratio | −0.07 | 0.19 | 0.31 | 0.78 |
| Time invested | 50% | 100% | ||
| Switches per year | 6.7 | 0 |
Every call, graded
Right on 41 of 83 closed calls (49%). In calls averaged 0.0%; out calls saw PSK move +2.4% on average.
| Called | Call | Price | Until | PSK moved | Result |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oct 2, 2026 | IN | C$33.21 | now | +6.0% | open |
| May 25, 2026 | OUT | C$33.41 | Oct 2, 2026 | −0.6% | ✓ right |
| Apr 20, 2026 | IN | C$30.61 | May 25, 2026 | +9.2% | ✓ right |
| Mar 26, 2026 | OUT | C$31.41 | Apr 20, 2026 | −2.6% | ✓ right |
| Mar 10, 2026 | IN | C$30.75 | Mar 26, 2026 | +2.2% | ✓ right |
| Dec 2, 2025 | OUT | C$25.71 | Mar 10, 2026 | +19.6% | ✕ wrong |
| Aug 18, 2025 | IN | C$22.73 | Dec 2, 2025 | +13.1% | ✓ right |
| Jul 4, 2025 | OUT | C$22.59 | Aug 18, 2025 | +0.6% | ✕ wrong |
| Jun 30, 2025 | IN | C$22.60 | Jul 4, 2025 | −0.1% | ✕ wrong |
| Jun 4, 2025 | OUT | C$21.82 | Jun 30, 2025 | +3.6% | ✕ wrong |
| Apr 9, 2025 | IN | C$22.96 | Jun 4, 2025 | −4.9% | ✕ wrong |
| Feb 14, 2025 | OUT | C$25.39 | Apr 9, 2025 | −9.6% | ✓ right |
An in call is right when the price rose before the next call; an out call is right when it fell. The latest 12 of 84 calls shown.
How the play works
- Bullish engulfing: after a decline, a down day (close below open) is followed by an up day that opens at or below the prior close and closes at or above the prior open.
- Bearish engulfing: after a rise, an up day is followed by a down day that opens at or above the prior close and closes at or below the prior open.
- In at the close of a bullish engulfing day. Out at the close of a bearish engulfing day. Otherwise the rule keeps its last call.
A decline (or rise) means the prior close is below (or above) the close 5 sessions before it. Nison and Bulkowski require a prior trend but give no number.
Nison weighs support, resistance and confirmation, which a mechanical rule cannot judge. No confirmation day is required here.
Shadows are ignored, as both Nison and Bulkowski allow. One edge of the new body may equal the old body's edge, as in the TA-Lib pattern library, but not both.
Crypto trades around the clock, so a coin's daily open is just the prior close. For coins the open is taken as the prior close, and the pattern becomes a close beyond the prior day's open.
Where the rules come from
The case against
Valeriy Zakamulin tested moving-average timing on up to 155 years of U.S. stock data and found no statistically significant edge in the second half of that record. The rules earned their keep in a few severe bear markets and lagged buy and hold for long stretches in between.